PI3Kδ inhibitor leniolisib improves symptoms in patients with APDS/PASLI

PI3Kδ inhibitor leniolisib is safe, increases naïve B cells, decreases lymphadenopathy, decreases spleen size, and improves cytopenia in patients with APDS/PASLI, results from a phase 3 trial demonstrate.

APDS (activated PI3Kδ syndrome), also known as PASLI (p110δ-activating mutation causing senescent T cells, lymphadenopathy, and immunodeficiency) is a rare primary immunodeficiency caused by pathogenic variants in PIK3CD or PIK3R1, leading to PI3Kδ signalling hyperactivity. Clinical characteristics of APDS are lymphoproliferation, auto-immunity, immunodeficiency, and increased risk of lymphoma. Current treatment options include stem cell transplantation, immunoglobulin replacement therapy, and empirical treatment such as immunomodulatory, antibiotic, and antiviral therapy for symptom relief. Leniolisib is a small-molecule inhibitor of hyperactive PI3Kδ signalling [1].

Dr Koneti Rao (National Institute of Health, MD, USA) presented results from a phase 3, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial (NCT02435173) that evaluated the efficacy and safety of leniolisib in patients with APDS [2]. A total of 31 patients were 2:1 randomised to leniolisib (twice daily for 12 weeks) or placebo. Primary outcomes measures were change from baseline in percentage of naïve B cells out of total B cells, and diameters in the index lesions (lymph nodes). Additional observations included changes in spleen size and cytopenia.

Leniolisib significantly increased the mean percentage of naïve B cells over time (from 40% at baseline to 65% at day 85), whereas no change was observed in the placebo arm (P=0.0006). Lymphadenopathy was significantly reduced in the leniolisib arm. In addition, leniolisib significantly decreased splenomegaly from baseline: -13.5 cm² (2D diameter) and -186.3 cm³ (3D diameter), whereas no changes were observed in the placebo arm. Cytopenia improved in 82% of patients receiving leniolisib, compared with 60% of patients receiving placebo.

Leniolisib was well tolerated, and no serious adverse events related to the study treatment were observed. However, leniolisib resulted in a transient neutropenia (nadir on day 15).

Based on these results, Dr Rao concluded that “leniolisib is safe, increases naïve B cells, decreases lymphadenopathy, decreases spleen size, and improves cytopenia.”

1. Rao VK, et al. Blood 2017;130:2307–2316.


2. Rao VK, et al. Hematological outcomes from a phase 3, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial of PI3K delta inhibitor leniolisib in patients with activated PI3K delta syndrome (APDS/PASLI). Abstract LB2369. EHA2022 Hybrid Congress, 09–12 June.

 

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Posted on 15 June, 2022